Fractional pixel affine transformation lead to bleeding between adjacent pixels.

The hardware then dithers the colors of adjacent pixels to create 16 total colors on the screen.

The intensity difference between adjacent pixels of the sensor naturally increases with correct image focus.

That is, we keep examining the adjacent pixels of seed points.

The simplest method is nearest-neighbor interpolation which simply copies an adjacent pixel of the same color channel.

If the pixel is the same as at least two of the three adjacent pixels, it is not noise.

This is less useful for text editors, because a string ab could be actually the middle of two adjacent pixels dabc.

So the program scans the picture line by line, and sees whether adjacent pixels are the same color.

Instead, they use a dithering method that combines adjacent pixels to simulate the desired shade.

These extra pixels are a weighted average of the adjacent pixels.