The Walloon provinces remained monolingually French.

William I "believed or feigned to believe that French was introduced into the Walloon provinces only under the pressure of foreign influence."

By doing so he was able to bring back the Walloon provinces' allegiance to the king.

This is now the Walloon province of Liège.

Ironically, the conservative Walloon provinces had signed their own defensive Union of Arras on 6 January 1579.

By that time the Walloon provinces also relented their opposition against taking in Spanish troops.

The 1957 Michelin Guide noted that "regional food has put up heroic resistance and the Walloon provinces and Flemish provinces are proud of their specialities."

There were the first furnaces in the four Walloon provinces, using, before the 18th century, charcoal which was made in the Ardennes forest.

It is therefore only fair that nations such as Flanders, the Walloon provinces, the Basque country, Catalonia, Wales, Scotland and Galicia can do that too.

They (along with the Duchy of Bouillon) later formed the Belgian Luxembourg province, which is now a Walloon province and the largest in Belgium.