Increasingly it served as a residence for clerics assigned to Vatican offices.

Piero Pennacchini, was said to be seeking more information from other Vatican offices about the circumstances of the ordinations.

The researcher would select a Vatican office, learn the routine, sit in on meetings and conversations and observe the interactions between men and women.

More recently, professional women - sociologists, art experts and archaeologists - have joined specialized Vatican offices.

But the underlying issue was the confidence of the Pope and the Vatican offices in the leadership of the American church.

At about the same time a freeze was imposed on spending by Vatican offices to keep expenditures at the same level as 1986.

In 1956, forty time clocks were installed in Vatican offices.

"Through a longstanding grant of use with the appropriate Vatican office that closely guards all of its copyrights."

Additionally, he headed the Vatican office charged with improving relations with Orthodox Christianity for ten years.

Reached in his Vatican office, Father Suaudeau insisted that his article did not seek to enlarge church teaching, but simply to explain it.