A major role in the protest against Mr. McGorman was played by the Association for Union Democracy, a national group that monitors labor activities.

He is currently a member of the advisory board for the Association for Union Democracy.

The Association for Union Democracy.

Union Democracy.

Union Democracy: The Internal Politics of the International Typographical Union.

"He's the real thing," said Carl Biers, executive director of the Association of Union Democracy, a nonprofit watchdog group.

Later, the Association for Union Democracy, a civil rights organization, helped Mr. Guzman obtain legal help in bringing his suit.

Meanwhile, a private group called the Association for Union Democracy has filed a brief recommending amendments.

"I think that there have been gains," said Susan Jennik, executive director of the Association for Union Democracy, a national organization based in Brooklyn.

Lipset's Union Democracy After 40 Years, Michael Goldfield, 1998.