Azimullah is reported to have contacted Turkish and Russian spies.

In The Turkish Gambit, Fandorin is charged with the capture of a Turkish spy during the war between Russia and the Ottoman empire.

Fandorin, an agent of the Third Section (Russia's secret police), is ordered to find the Turkish spy before more damage to the Russian cause is done.

Or had the Turkish spies taken him back with them?

Turkish armies captured and burned the town of Velká nad Veličkou; the inhabitants were killed and raped; young boys were kidnapped as future Turkish spies.

Fandorin had befriended these cossacks when he rooted out a Turkish spy during the siege of Plevna (see The Turkish Gambit).

On the island, she said, "Greek rebels, Turkish spies and foreign mercenaries mingle in shady hotel bars and winding streets overlooking the sea.

The Turkic peoples of Russia began to be threatened with Turkish expansion, I. Gasprinsky and his adherents were labeled "Turkish spies".

After "Fatal Attraction," he directed "Pascali's Island," about a restless Turkish spy, played by Ben Kingsley, and his relationship with a pseudo-archeologist from England.

Fandorin takes part in the Russo-Turkish War and the Siege of Plevna as he is trying to uncover a Turkish spy.