In addition, the United States Navy also prohibited an assembly of Samoan chiefs, who the movement considered the real government of the territory.

In one photo is a Samoan chief.

The eagle holds traditional symbols of power among Samoan chiefs in its claws.

Other Samoan chiefs were upset over a perceived "attitude" adjustment of their paramounts; in 1901, Matā'afa announced:

The highborn son or daughter of a Samoan chief would dress in full festive regalia for a taualuga performance.

Formal cession by Samoan chiefs took place in 1900 and 1904.

It was ultimately defeated, primarily through the efforts of Samoan chiefs, led by Tuiasosopo Mariota.

Fuimaono was a full Samoan chief.

His mother is the daughter of notable Samoan chiefs, with a type of royal heritage.

Doubtless the Samoan chief, if he be popular, wields a great influence; but it is limited.