Local histories document that the California smallpox epidemic began at the Russian fort soon after they left.

As early as 1559, Ivan the Terrible had a Russian fort constructed there.

Having been a Russian fort in the 19th century, Almaty grew into Soviet Central Asia's most cosmopolitan capital.

A new Russian fort was established while the Tlingit prepared to defend themselves with a well-armed fort of their own.

Although frequently hit, the French ships destroyed the Russian forts within four hours, suffering minimal casualties in the process.

In 1683-85 the Manchus re-used the site as a base for their campaign against the Russian fort of Albazin.

A municipal museum is sited among the remains of the 17th-century Russian fort.

From 1817 to 1853 Fort Elizabeth, near the Waimea River, was one of three Russian forts on the island.

There are also Russian forts from the 19th century and from the First World War in its vicinity.

A Russian fort is established at the present site of Almaty.