It grew under the early Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt into an enduring symbol of culture and knowledge before disappearing into the sand and sea less than 1,000 years later.

The scholars were housed in the same sector and funded by the Ptolemaic rulers.

In 238 BCE, the Ptolemaic rulers decreed that every 4th year should be 366 days long rather than 365.

This can be explained by the fact that the early Muslim rulers of Egypt, much like the Ptolemaic and Byzantine rulers before them, recruited native Egyptians to undertake the building labor.

The Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt used it as their seal.

The first one dates back to the city's early Ptolemaic rulers, who were Macedonians, not Egyptians.

A beautiful full-length statue carved from gray stone with glistening flecks of mica has recently been identified as a portrait of Cleopatra, the last Ptolemaic ruler.

The new Ptolemaic rulers, however, exploited Egypt for their own benefit and a great social divide was created between Egyptians and Greeks.

The Ptolemaic rulers all retained their Greek names and titles, but projected a public image of being Egyptian pharaohs.

Cyrenaica had been a fief of the Ptolemaic rulers of Egypt until its last satrap, Ptolemy Apion, had bequeathed it to Rome in his will.