However, the United States did not recognize Philippine sovereignty and announced their interest to annex the country by January 1899.

The probe, according to Lim and Moreno, was an encroachment of Philippine sovereignty and independence.

He continued to support the cause for Philippine sovereignty after his release and even became one of the signatories of the Declaration of Independence in 1898.

His career was dedicated to the promotion of human rights, the defense of Philippine sovereignty, and the enactment pro-Filipino economic legislation.

Opponents of the treaty say that foreign military bases impinge on Philippine sovereignty.

The amendment confirmed Philippine sovereignty over the base and reduced the area set aside for U.S. use from 244 to 63 square kilometres.

Primicias and other opponents of the Bell Trade Act considered the measure an inexcusable surrender of Philippine sovereignty.

Full independence came with the recognition of Philippine sovereignty by the U.S. in 1946.

RA9522 reasserted that, and also asserted Philippine sovereignty over Scarborough Shoal.

Ten years prior, the 1947 Military Bases Agreement between the two nations had been amended to provide Philippine sovereignty over the bases.