The next decade was beset with crises: Indian participation in World War II, the Congress's final push for non-cooperation, and an upsurge of Muslim nationalism.

Many Serbs say that the city's claim to be "multinational" is cracking, giving way to a powerful strain of Muslim nationalism that becomes stronger as the Serbian forces press their attacks.

While Pakistan was created as a result of what could be described as Indian Muslim nationalism, Jinnah was once an ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity.

Muslim nationalism became evident in the provinces where the Muslim minorities resided as they faced social and political marginalization.

While the Bosnian Serbs blame the war on Muslim nationalism, there was little doubt in the Zecevic family that the Serbian onslaught was cynically prepared and essentially ineluctable.

He commented that one did not have to be a pious Muslim to be inspired by Al-Qaeda which represents militant Muslim nationalism.

During the late years of British rule and leading up to Partition, Muslim nationalism in South Asia had three groups of supporters:

Branded traitors by Bosnia's Serbian nationalists and increasingly marginalized by the growing Muslim nationalism within Bosnia, they feel isolated and threatened.

But they say they see no point in fighting for a free Bosnia when they are convinced that Muslim nationalism will be the eventual victor in Bosnia.

One response was Muslim nationalism, which led to the creation of Pakistan.