Our knowledge of the instruments used by Muslim astronomers primarily comes from two sources.

Several different variations of the instrument were later produced by medieval Muslim astronomers.

Islamic - King identified four types of quadrants that were produced by Muslim astronomers.

Hitherto, Muslim astronomers had adopted a primarily research approach to the field, translating works of others and learning already discovered knowledge.

Al-Sufi was one of the nine noted Muslim astronomers.

Another Indian influence was an approximate formula used for timekeeping by Muslim astronomers.

A large number of star catalogues were published by Muslim astronomers in the medieval Islamic world.

Muslim astronomers also independently invented the celestial globe, which were used primarily for solving problems in celestial astronomy.

He was one of the famous nine Muslim astronomers.

Sundials were further developed by Muslim astronomers.