Purton, P., A History of the Late Medieval Siege, 1200-1500 (Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer, 2009), ISBN 1-84383-449-9.

In his book, Medieval Siege, Jim Bradbury extensively quotes from Mardi ibn Ali concerning mangonels of various types, including Arab, Persian and Turkish, describing what could be trebuchets, but not quoted as above.

(1992) The Medieval Siege.

(2010) A History of the Late Medieval Siege, 1200-1500.

Tonight's opener, "Medieval Siege," looks into how an early 14th-century English army captured Stirling Castle in Scotland with the help of a powerful catapult nicknamed Wolfwar.

Secrets of Lost Empires: Medieval Siege (PBS) Informative and interactive webpages about medieval siege tactics.

The Medieval Siege.

(2009) A History of the Early Medieval Siege, c.450-1200.