Catholicism played a significant role in Lithuanian anti-communist resistance under the Soviet Union.

Lithuanian resistance may refer to:

By the early 1950s, the Soviet forces had eradicated most of the Lithuanian nationalist resistance.

Kalanta became a symbol of the Lithuanian resistance throughout the 1970s and 1980s.

He also opened negotiations with the representatives of the Lithuanian and Belorussian resistance but they were fruitless.

Sutkus quoted two members of the Lithuanian resistance who tried to persuade him not to join their ranks (Diary of a sniper, page 75):

Sooner or later, the Soviets will choke the whole Lithuanian resistance in blood.

This has become a symbol of the Lithuanian resistance to the Lithuanian press ban (1864-1904) and was featured on the 5 litas banknote.

Before that he had served a 25-year sentence for having participated in the Lithuanian anti-Soviet resistance, being released in 1973.