But last year, Shanghai dethroned its Korean rival and assumed the title of the busiest container port in Northeast Asia.
Fresher competing designs from Japanese and Korean rivals are sapping Astra's market share and eroding its profit margins, and the company's heavy debt is becoming unmanageable.
In the United States, VW has not even been able to steal customers from General Motors and Ford, unlike most of its Japanese and Korean rivals.
Fiat's presence in Chinese market is poor compared to its European, Japanese, Korean and American rivals.
South Koreans consider qualifying for the Olympics the real test, because the domestic competition from Korean rivals is so great.
At Toshiba's Yokkaichi plant, there is a palpable determination to catch up with the larger Korean rival.
Two miles away, at the Beijing Hotel, a South Korean rival, the Samsung Group, has opened its unofficial outpost.
Instead, it chose a Korean rival, Hana Bank, which has begun a long process of absorbing SeoulBank.
In the end, China defeated their Korean rivals and gained their second Asian Games men's title.
Micron Technology Inc. has accused two South Korean rivals of selling computer chips in the United States below cost, an illegal practice known as dumping.