Among the most optimistic companies were steel makers, which have experienced growth thanks to strong demand from Chinese factories.

Labor union officials say they expect a struggle with companies over the steps their Chinese factories should take to allow freedom of association.

The result is a work environment different from that in most Chinese factories.

American companies have farmed out much of their manufacturing to Chinese factories.

Though they are made in China, foreign rather than Chinese factories do most of the work, he said.

There are also huge cost savings at the Chinese factory.

More large American retailers want to deal directly with Chinese factories.

Thus he had a Chinese factory make his first blank keyboard.

Chinese factories have been wrestling with a problem: what to do if no one buys their products.