white phosphorus munitions

The Afghan government later launched an investigation into the use of white phosphorus munitions.

The Israeli military used white phosphorus munitions in the Gaza strip.

He also stressed that the white phosphorus munition is neither chemical nor incendiary weapon.

This has often been read as excluding white phosphorus munitions from this protocol, as well.

The IDF repeatedly denied using white phosphorus munitions but acknowledged its use after the conflict.

White phosphorus munitions were used extensively in Korea, Vietnam and later by Russian forces in Chechnya.

Firsthand accounts by American officers in two military journals note that white phosphorus munitions had been aimed directly at insurgents in Falluja to flush them out.

It is also the only place in the Northern Hemisphere were white phosphorus munitions are filled and provides key first-responder equipment training for chemical emergencies and warfare.

It serves as a technology center for illuminating and infrared munitions and is also the only place in the Northern Hemisphere where white phosphorus munitions are filled.

During military combat operations in Fallujah, Iraq, white phosphorus munitions were used by United States military forces as an incendiary weapon and as an obscurant.

On November 30, 2005, General Peter Pace stated that white phosphorus munitions were a "legitimate tool of the military" used to illuminate targets and create smokescreens, saying "It is not a chemical weapon.

The protocol specifically excludes weapons whose incendiary effect is secondary, such as smoke grenades and tracer rounds, although this has been often read as excluding white phosphorus munitions from this protocol, as well.

As a result, smoke-producing white phosphorus munitions are very common, particularly as smoke grenades for infantry, loaded in grenade launchers on tanks and other armored vehicles, or as part of the ammunition allotment for artillery or mortars.

Senior Israeli defense officials maintain that the shelling using white phosphorus munitions was in response to Israeli military personnel being fired upon by Hamas fighters who were in proximity to the UN headquarters, and was used for smoke.

After the Italian documentary was broadcast, the American ambassadors to Italy, Ronald P. Spogli, and to Britain, Robert H. Tuttle, echoed the stock defense, denying that white phosphorus munitions had been used against enemy fighters, let alone civilians.

On March 25, Human Rights Watch, published a report titled Rain of Fire, Israel's Unlawful Use of White Phosphorus in Gaza providing, "witness accounts of the devastating effects that white phosphorus munitions had on civilians and civilian property in Gaza."