vivipary

Females of the species give birth to live young through vivipary.

In the majority of species of caecilians, the young are produced by vivipary.

Like many other mangrove species, it reproduces by vivipary.

The less developed form of vivipary is called ovoviviparity, which, for instance, occurs in most vipers.

If this interpretation is correct, these embryos represent the earliest known example of vivipary in the fossil record.

These plants tend towards self pollination, apomixis, and vivipary.

These include egg-laying, ovoviviparity, and true vivipary where the mother is connected to the developing embryos via a placenta-like structure.

Intrauterine cannibalism is an even more unusual mode of vivipary, in which the largest embryos eat weaker and smaller siblings.

False vivipary is an abnormal condition found in many types of plants in which a plantlet is produced where the flower should appear.

A viviparous animal is an animal employing vivipary: the embryo develops inside the body of the mother, as opposed to outside in an egg (ovipary).

Other marine reptiles such as ichthyosaurs also gave live birth, but LACM 129639 was the first direct evidence of vivipary in plesiosaurs.

The most tempting example is probably the Tsetse fly, but that is an example of true vivipary or perhaps "larvipary", not ovovivipary, or ovolarvipary.

The more developed form of vivipary is called placenta; mammals are the best example, but it has also evolved independently in other animals, such as in scorpions, some sharks, and in velvet worms.

Put another way, at least one of the lineages that led to these species from their last common ancestor contains nonviviparous animals, the pelycosaurs ancestral to humans for example; vivipary appeared subsequently in the human lineage.

The astonishing reproductive ability of vivipary is well known from the fire salamander's northwest Spanish subspecies, S. s. bernardezi (Asturian fire salamander) and the alpine salamander (S. atra) from the central and east Alps.

Common adaptations are seeds that germinate while the fruit is still attached to the mother plant (vivipary), leathery leaves to minimise evaporation, stilt or prop roots to give a better foothold and breathing roots and air channels to provide the underground parts with oxygen.