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There is some dispute over the phonemicity of soft velar consonants.
The velar consonants become palatals and when preceded by front vowels.
Velar consonants palatalize before the low front vowel /a/.
In particular, it shares the palatalisation of velar consonants also found in Old English.
(Note the unusual lack of plain velar consonants.)
The velar consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet are:
These are the velar consonants in the IPA.
A second example concerns the pronunciation of /a/ before velar consonants in words of the type rag, pack, bang.
Notably, there are no velar consonants without secondary articulation: they are all either palatalized or labialized.
The -j- resulted in palatalization of preceding velar consonants in Old English.
Rather, the order is that of the Indic type, first velar consonants, then coronals, labials, sibilants, etc.
The velar consonants become uvular consonants in Abkhaz languages.
The correlations among the Indo-European languages are for the most part straightforward, but there are some complications with the velar consonants.
In a similar way, after velar consonants in words like 'thicken', 'waken', syllabic is possible but is also acceptable.
Velar consonants alternate with palatal consonants before /e/ and sometimes before /a/.
To pronounce these, one must attempt to say the velar consonants, but then close their lips for the bilabial component, and then release the lips.
In some Abaza dialects the Velar consonants turned to Uvular consonants.
Palatalization of velar consonants commonly causes them to get fronted, while apical and coronal consonants are usually raised.
Uvulars are consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants.
The palatalization of velar consonants before the front vowel produced different results in Norman to the central langue d'oïl dialects which developed into French.
In many languages that do not have the velar nasal as a phoneme, it occurs as an allophone of other nasals before velar consonants.
Several Khoisan languages, which have click consonants pronounced in the dorsal region, have limited numbers or distributions of pulmonic velar consonants.
Only with the three velar consonants, which like most Russian consonants have both a hard and a soft form, does the spelling rule actually reflect phonetically based pronunciation.
However, both languages have typological oddities: Chemakum had no simple velar consonants, and Quileute has no nasal consonants.
Raising along the front periphery of the vowel space is restricted to two environments - before nasal and voiced velar consonants - and varies regionally even in these.