urodele

The role of amputation and nerve resection in the regressing limbs of urodele larvae.

They found close similarities between the ontogenies of Polypterus and of urodele amphibians and other 'primitive' amphibians.

"Toxicity of the Urodele Amphibians Taricha, Notophthalmus, Cynops and Paramesotriton (Salamandridae)" Copeia.

In urodele amphibians, an early step in limb regeneration is skeletal muscle fiber dedifferentiation into a cellulate that proliferates to contribute new limb tissue, whereas, mammalian muscle cannot dedifferentiate after injury.

In the 1940s Karczmar proposed the existence of a nerve growth factor on the basis of his demonstration of the quantitative effects of partial ablations of the urodele limb innervations on their post-amputation regeneration (Karczmar, 1946).