urate

The levels of lithium needed to dissolve urate in the body, however, were toxic.

This is presumably a function of urate's antioxidant properties.

It causes high levels of sulfite and urate, and neurological damage.

Levels can also become high if the body cannot excrete enough urate, the salts of uric acid.

Then, in an effort to increase the water solubility of uric acid, lithium urate was added to the solution.

The chemical is associated with other medical conditions including diabetes and the formation of ammonium acid urate kidney stones.

Gout may be worsened by diuretics, while losartan reduces serum urate.

Earlier trials had suggested those with the highest serum urate levels had lower progression of Parkinson's symptoms.

Kidney stones can also form through the process of formation and deposition of sodium urate microcrystals.

Principal compositions include oxalate and urate.

It results in high blood levels of sulfite and urate, in much the same way as molybdenum cofactor deficiency.

For children under ten years of age with LNS, a urate to creatinine ratio above two is typically found.

Cade found that in the guinea pigs injected with the lithium urate solution, toxicity was greatly reduced.

Crystals include monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate, hydroxyapatite and corticosteroid crystals.

One treatment for gout, in the 19th century, had been administration of lithium salts; lithium urate is more soluble.

William Prout investigated the compound in 1818 and he used boa constrictor excrement with up to 90% ammonium acid urate.

Needle aspiration of fluid from a gouty joint will reveal negatively birefringent monosodium urate crystals.

Gout is caused by an uncontrolled metabolic disorder, hyperuricemia, which leads to the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in tissue.

(1, 2) Hyperuricemia is caused by an imbalance in the production and excretion of urate, i.e., overproduction, underexcretion or both.

The urate to creatinine (breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle) concentration ratio in urine is elevated.

Combined in the form of urate of ammonia, it is the chief constituent of the urine of birds and reptiles, forming the white part.

Gout is a rheumatic disease resulting from deposition of uric acid crystals (monosodium urate) in tissues and fluids within the body.

It is not known whether this is causative (e.g., by acting as a prooxidant ) or a protective reaction taking advantage of urate's antioxidant properties.

Less common forms of uroliths includes ammonium urate, uric acid, calcium phosphate, and cystine uroliths.

This can occur for a number of reasons, including diet, genetic predisposition, or underexcretion of urate, the salts of uric acid.