ultramicroscope

As a result, he introduced the immersion ultramicroscope in 1912.

When combined with microscopes, the result is the ultramicroscope, which was developed later by others.

An ultramicroscope is a system of illumination for viewing tiny particles.

The ultramicroscope system is based on light scattering, not light reflection.

He used an ultramicroscope that employs a dark field method for seeing particles with sizes much less than light wavelength.

Together with the optical instrument manufacturer Zeiss, he developed the slit ultramicroscope.

The ultramicroscope system can also be used to observe tiny nontransparent particles dispersed in a transparent solid or gel.

While in Jena he developed the slit ultramicroscope together with Henry Siedentopf.

In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his research on colloids and the ultramicroscope.

Such particles are normally invisible in an optical microscope, though their presence can be confirmed with the use of an ultramicroscope or an electron microscope.

At the beginning of the 20th century, R. A. Zsigmondy introduced the ultramicroscope as a new illumination scheme into dark-field microscopy.

In the first decade of the 21th century, the illumination mode of the ultramicroscope has been extended to fluorescence measurement, as light sheet fluorescence microscopy.

Nobel lecture of R. A. Zsigmondy: Properties of colloids (including a short explanation of the ultramicroscope)

Since 2010 a first ultramicroscope with fluorescence excitation and limited resolution and since 2012 a first SPIM are available commercially.

The technique is used in conjunction with an ultramicroscope and a laser illumination unit that together allow small particles in liquid suspension to be visualized moving under Brownian motion.

The "ultra" in "ultramicroscope" refers to the ability to see objects whose diameter is shorter than the wavelength of visible light, on the model of the "ultra" in ultraviolet.

Zsigmondy further improved the ultramicroscope and presented the immersion ultramicroscope in 1912, allowing the observation of suspended nanoparticles in defined fluidic volumes.

It is particularly applicable to colloidal mixtures and suspensions; for example, the Tyndall effect is commercially exploited to determine the size and density of particles in aerosols and other colloidal matter (see ultramicroscope and turbidimeter).

The book ends with the image of a biologist, much like Haldane himself, in a laboratory: "just a poor little scrubby underpaid man groping blindly amid the mazes of the ultramicroscope... conscious of his ghastly mission and proud of it."

They blinked and faded like motes within a shifting sunbeam; or, to use a more scientific comparison, like colloids within the illuminated field of the ultramicroscope; and like these latter it was as though the eyes took in not the minute particles themselves but their movement only.