tumor lysis syndrome

The condition, occasionally seen in people with cancer, is called tumor lysis syndrome.

Tumor lysis syndrome is often present at diagnosis or after initiation of treatment.

Acute hyperuricosuria is a common complication of tumor lysis syndrome.

A cause of intrinsic acute renal failure is tumor lysis syndrome.

In 2004, Cairo and Bishop defined a classification system for tumor lysis syndrome.

This rapid response to chemotherapy can be hazardous to the patient, as a phenomenon called "tumor lysis syndrome" could occur.

Hyperuricemia and tumor lysis syndrome, particularly when associated with ureteral obstruction, frequently result in life-threatening complications.

When used to treat tumors, methotrexate sometimes causes side effects due to the rapid destruction of cancer cells (tumor lysis syndrome).

These include tumor lysis syndrome, acute phosphate nephropathy, and occasional cases of enteric hyperoxaluria.

In particularly large tumors, such as large lymphomas, some patients develop tumor lysis syndrome from the rapid breakdown of malignant cells.

Pretreatment spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome.

Apart from normal variation (with a genetic component), tumor lysis syndrome produces extreme levels of uric acid, mainly leading to renal failure.

Cairo MS, Bishop M: Tumour lysis syndrome: new therapeutic strategies and classification.

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS).

Two common conditions related to excess uric acid, gout and uric acid nephrolithiasis, are not features of tumor lysis syndrome.

Allopurinol is typically co-administered prophylactically to prevent hyperuricemia that results from tumor lysis syndrome, the result of rapid death of tumor cells.

Tumor lysis syndrome results from rapid breakdown of malignant cells resulting in a number of metabolic abnormalities, most notably hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia.

Hyperphosphatemia causes acute kidney failure in tumor lysis syndrome, because of deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the renal parenchyma.

Cheson BD, Frame JN, Vena D, et al.: Tumor lysis syndrome: an uncommon complication of fludarabine therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Allopurinol was also commonly used in chemotherapeutic treatments to treat 'tumor lysis syndrome' (as these regimes can rapidly produce severe acute hyperuricemia) although it has gradually been replaced by urate oxidase therapy.

Usually, the precipitating medication regimen includes combination chemotherapy, but TLS can be triggered in cancer patients by steroid treatment alone, and sometimes without any treatment-in this case the condition is referred to as "spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome".

Acute uric acid nephropathy is usually seen as part of the acute tumour lysis syndrome in patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy for the treatment of malignancies with rapid cell turnover, such as leukemia and lymphoma.

For reduction of the complications of tumor lysis syndrome, current treatment regimens use a prophase of reduced intensity to cytoreduce patients;[1,2,3] however, this does not obviate the use of hyperhydration and allopurinol or rasburicase (urate oxidase).

Serious side effects included severe myelosuppression (suppressed activity of bone marrow, which is involved in formation of various blood cells [found in 98% of patients]), disorder of the respiratory system, tumor lysis syndrome, Type III hypersensitivity, venous occlusion, and death.

Rasburicase is approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (and European counterparts) for the prevention and treatment of tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic cancers such as leukemias and lymphomas.