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Many of them contain basic (alkaline) salts, such as sodium bicarbonate or trisodium citrate.
The concentrations of the components in this standard formula (using sodium bicarbonate rather than trisodium citrate as the basic salt) are given in Table 2.
An example of the former, a salt is trisodium citrate; an ester is triethyl citrate.
Trisodium citrate has the chemical formula of NaCHO.
An article in the International Journal of Food Engineering found that trisodium citrate slightly improved the preferred qualities of pizza cheese.
Recently, Ray et al. demonstrated that the presence of an additional reductant (trisodium citrate) in 1:1 molar ratio with gold salt enhances the yield by manyfold [2].
The World Health Organisation's recipe for ORS included an alternative basic salt, namely trisodium citrate, which may be used in place of the sodium bicarbonate (as given in Table 1).
Citric acid can act as a mild chelating agent; citrate, usually in the form of trisodium citrate, may be given as an anticoagulant, because it chelates calcium ions, and therefore inhibits coagulation.
It was recognised that use of trisodium citrate would remove the need for the separate salt compartments, but its use was ruled out on the grounds that trisodium citrate was five times more expensive than sodium bicarbonate.