top quark

Because top quarks are very massive, a lot of energy is needed to create one.

Unfortunately, top quarks are only believed to be able to exist for 5x10 seconds.

Past sightings of top quarks have all turned out to be illusions.

The rub is the rarity of collisions that make top quarks.

It is from these ricocheting patterns that the existence of things like top quarks must be inferred.

Miguel actually showed pictures of the first boosted heavy-particle candidates ever seen - two top quarks.

And since the charm and top quarks have positive electric charge, their flavor quantum numbers are +1.

Heavy quark (bottom, charm, or top quarks) content is indicated by subscripts.

If this occurs, the primary studies of Higgs bosons and top quarks would in fact be looking at those produced by the black holes.

Other models, feature pairs of top quarks (see top quark condensate).

Since they contain no strange, charm, bottom, or top quarks, these particles do not possess strangeness, etc.

Top quarks interact with all four of the fundamental forces, which are gravity, electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force.

In the past, bottom and top quarks were sometimes referred to as "beauty" and "truth" respectively, but these names have somewhat fallen out of use.

(Top quarks are so heavy that they decay through the weak force before they can form bound states.)

This element relates very accurately the likelihood that top quarks decay to down quarks.

They are related to the number of strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks and antiquark according to the relations:

Top quarks, having the highest mass of all, are believed to have vanished from the universe after existing for less than a billionth of a second.

As a result top quarks do not have time to form hadrons before they decay, as other quarks do.

The Higgs boson has a Yukawa coupling to the left- and right-handed top quarks.

Since top quarks are so massive, scientists have been able to make predictions about the mass of the theoretical particle known as a Higgs Boson.

The observation of single top quarks is used to measure the element V of the CKM matrix.

By next summer we should have recorded four or five times as many top quarks as were ever seen before and so we'll be able to understand it much better.

This allows proton- anti-proton annihilation to produce daughter particles, such as top quarks with a mass of 175 GeV, much heavier than the original protons.

Top quarks or truth quarks are the heaviest known elementary particles (particles that are so small that they can not be divided).

The first generation includes up and down quarks, the second strange and charm quarks, and the third bottom and top quarks.