thermodynamic free energy

The thermodynamic free energy is the amount of work that a thermodynamic system can perform.

The pressure inside an ideal (one surface) soap bubble can be derived from thermodynamic free energy considerations.

Heating and cooling the material affects both the temperature and the thermodynamic free energy.

Thermodynamic free energy, the energy in a physical system that can be converted to do work, in particular:

Water has a lower thermodynamic free energy when in bulk ice than when in the supercooled liquid state.

Proteins spend a large portion;- nearly 96% in some cases - of their folding time "waiting" in various thermodynamic free energy minimas.

The planes with the lowest energy will form the largest facets, in order to minimize the overall thermodynamic free energy of the crystal.

High surface-area-to-volume ratio provides a strong "driving force" to speed up thermodynamic processes that minimize thermodynamic free energy.

Paul Ehrenfest classified phase transitions based on the behavior of the thermodynamic free energy as a function of other thermodynamic variables.

Phase transitions occur when the thermodynamic free energy of a system is non-analytic for some choice of thermodynamic variables (cf. phases).

Concentration cells generate electricity from the thermodynamic free energy that can be extracted from the difference in chemical concentrations of reactants, in the same reaction.

A general method of calculating probable nucleic acid secondary structure is dynamic programming, which is used to calculate structures by optimizing the thermodynamic free energy.

The first law of thermodynamics asserts that energy (but not necessarily thermodynamic free energy) is always conserved and that heat flow is a form of energy transfer.

The heat death is a possible final state of the universe, estimated at after 10 years, in which it has "run down" to a state of no thermodynamic free energy to sustain motion or life.

Instead, proteins spend the majority of their folding time-nearly 96% in some cases-"waiting" in various intermediate conformational states, each a local thermodynamic free energy minimum in the protein's energy landscape.

The factors on which the feasibility and rate of a solid state reaction include, reaction conditions, structural properties of the reactants, surface area of the solids, their reactivity and the thermodynamic free energy change associated with the reaction.

The word Free (meaning unattached) has multiple meanings in English: physical, political, economic and scientific definitions tend to become confused, and so the term "free energy" is ill-defined and somewhat variable, but should not be confused with thermodynamic free energy.

Osmosis can be explained using the concept of thermodynamic free energy: the less concentrated solution contains more free energy, so its solvent molecules will tend to diffuse to a place of lower free energy in order to equalize free energy.

The heat death of the universe is a suggested ultimate fate of the universe, in which the universe has diminished to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and therefore can no longer sustain processes that consume energy (including computation and life).

The name and inspiration come from annealing in metallurgy, a technique involving heating and controlled cooling of a material to increase the size of its crystals and reduce their defects, both are attributes of the material that depend on its thermodynamic free energy.

While the same amount of cooling brings the same amount of decrease in temperature it will bring a bigger or smaller decrease in the thermodynamic free energy depending on the rate that it occurs, with a slower rate producing a bigger decrease.

From the point of view of thermodynamics, universal properties of causes as compared to effects have been identified through the Second law of thermodynamics, confirming the ancient, medieval and Descartian view that "the cause is greater than the effect" for the particular case of thermodynamic free energy.