The longer pulse duration, the greater the avalanche ionization's contribution.
Indeed, pulse durations on the attosecond time scale have been reported.
The minimum energy occurs with a pulse duration equal to chronaxie.
In addition, the chronaxie value, however determined, identifies the pulse duration for minimum energy.
This allows for very high energy pumping, since the pulse duration can be much longer than with other materials.
Unusually, they did not report their pulse duration.
It has the advantage of greater bandwidth while keeping the pulse duration short and envelope constant.
The segment length is adjusted by the pulse duration.
When too much energy is used for the pulse duration, structural failure of the glass envelope can occur.
Failure from heat is usually caused by excessively long pulse durations or high average power levels.