sulcal

It has a gyral and a sulcal part.

Analysis of group anatomical differences using sulcal depth morphometry.

A macaque has a more simple sulcal pattern.

Another solution using coordinates involves comparing brains using sulcal reference points.

Gyral and sulcal cortical thinning in adolescents with first episode early-onset psychosis.

After 60 days of abstinence, any neuroimaging evidence of ventricular or sulcal dilatation improves.

Scientists are able to encode surface landmarks that allows them to analyze sulcal length, cortical asymmetries and volume.

The later point regarding sulcal CSF has been linked to schizophrenia (a mental disorder affecting thought processes).

There are also trichocyst pores on the plates, and sulcal fins found on either sides of the sulcus (morphology).

Further, because of considerable variability across brains in terms of shape, size, and position relative to sulcal and gyral structure, a resulting localization precision is limited.

Much of this analysis is focused on interpreting sulcal patterns, which is difficult because traces are often hardly recognizable, and there are no clear landmarks to use as reference points.

Ulegyria is identified by its characteristic "mushroom-shaped" gyri, in which scarring causes shrinkage and atrophy in the deep sulcal regions while the surface gyri are spared.

Polymicrogyria is characterized by excessive folding of the surface gyri and a thickening of the cerebral cortex, rather than the sulcal scarring that is typical of ulegyria.

The sulcal pattern varies between human individuals, and the most elaborate overview on this variation is probably an atlas by Ono, Kubick and Abernathey: Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci.

A slightly newer technique is to use functional landmarks, which combines sulcal and gyral landmarks (the groves and folds of the cortex) and then finding an area well known for its modularity such as the fusiform face area.

TRĄBKA J. et al.: Influence of Structural Differences of Gyral and Sulcal Areas of the Acoustic Projection Cortex on Primary Induced Acoustic Responses.

The debate between these two scientists is not hinged solely on the AL 162-28 endocast, but rather extends to all australopithecine fossils, with Holloway insisting on the presence of hominid sulcal features, and Falk maintaining that the features are pongid in nature.

Holloway argues that the depression is a result of lipping at the lambdoid suture and that the sulcal patterns indicate cerebral organization moving toward a more human pattern, while Falk insists that the depression is the lunate sulcus in a position that is indicative of an ape-like sulcal pattern.