subpial

In humans it has been found that the cells here also form a subpial layer.

Subplate cells become abnormally located in the subpial zone above the cortical plate.

The second compartment is that of the non-immune-privileged subarachnoid, subpial, and perivascular spaces.

Like the blood vessels around which they form, Virchow-Robin spaces are found in both the subarachnoid space and the subpial space.

Multiple subpial transections can help to reduce or eliminate seizures arising from vital functional areas of the cerebral cortex.

There is a study by Morrell et al. in which results were reported for 14 patients with acquired epileptic aphasia who underwent multiple subpial transections.

Previous techniques risked serious functional impairments; the new procedure, known as subpial transection, spares the function while blocking seizures.

This membrane lies deep to the pia mater and the subpial space and surrounds the perivascular (Virchow-Robin) spaces.

In the treatment of epilepsy, if partial seizures originate in areas of the brain that cannot be removed safely, multiple subpial transections are an alternative.

Subpial space is the space underneath the pia mater that separates the pia from the glia limitans of the underlying neural tissue.

Epilepsy Surgery: Multiple Subpial Transection (MST)

By virtue of the leptomeningeal cell layer, VRS belonging to the subarachnoid space are continuous with VRS of the subpial space.

The direct communication between VRS of the subarachnoid space and the subpial space is unique to the brain's arteries, as no leptomeningeal layers surround the brain's veins.

Multiple subpial transection can also be used to decrease the spread of seizures across the cortex especially when the epileptic focus is located near important functional areas of the cortex.

Artificially induced destruction of meningeal cells during CNS development have been found to result in the alteration of subpial extracellular matrix and a disruption of the glia limitans.

VRS surrounding arteries in the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia are separated from the subpial space by one or two layers of leptomeninges, respectively, as well as the pia mater.

Malignant cells can migrate along spinal or cranial nerve epineurium-perineurium, invade the subpial space, and travel along blood vessels into the endoneurial space, or invade the nerve parenchyma.

Neurosurgery can range from removing an entire hemisphere (hemispherectomy), a small lesionectomy, or multiple transsections to try to disconnect the abnormal tissue from the rest of the brain (multiple subpial transsections).

Some other noted consequences of repeated seizures are neuronal loss, gliosis, parenchymal microhemorrhages, excess of starch bodies, leptomeningeal thickening, subpial gliosis, perivascular gliosis and perivascular atrophy.

If on the other hand, the seizures occur in an area that is too vital to remove (such as areas that control motor, sensory or language functions), then the surgeon will perform a procedure known as a multiple subpial transection.

Importantly, the lateral and ventral parts of the pallium produce also deep to their respective sectors of subpial olfactory cortex sets of pallial nuclei, the neurons entering the claustrum, rostrally, and the pallial amygdala, caudally.

A controversial treatment option involves a surgical technique called multiple subpial transection in which multiple incisions are made through the cortex of the affected part of the brain beneath the pia mater, severing the axonal tracts in the subjacent white matter.