spinal anaesthesia BrE
spinal anesthesia AmE

The procedure is frequently performed with the patient asleep (general anaesthetic) or under spinal anaesthesia.

Otherwise, spinal anaesthesia may be used.

Popular medical pain control in hospitals include the regional anesthetics epidural blocks, and spinal anaesthesia.

This technique shares the contraindications and complications of both epidural and spinal anaesthesia.

Also, injection of spinal anaesthesia higher than the level of L1 can cause damage to the spinal cord, and is therefore usually not done.

The central techniques include so called neuraxial blockade (epidural anaesthesia, spinal anaesthesia).

Spinal anaesthesia is a technique whereby a local anaesthetic drug is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid.

However, a few studies have exploited the opportunity to sample CSF from persons undergoing spinal anaesthesia for elective or emergency surgery.

Indeed, spinal anaesthesia may in fact be the anaesthetic modality of choice for frail older patients, so these studies are often undertaken in highly relevant populations.

These data are based upon a retrospective review of 672 patients suitable for spinal anaesthesia in surgical procedures of less than 60 minutes duration using 30-40mg chloroprocaine.

They may contribute to the care of a woman in labour by performing epidurals or by providing anaesthesia (often spinal anaesthesia) for Cesarean section or forceps delivery.

In 1877, Clover invented an ether inhaler with a water jacket, and by the late 1899 alternatives to ether came to the fore, mainly due to the introduction of spinal anaesthesia.

Combined spinal and epidural anaesthesia (CSE) is a regional anaesthetic technique, which combines the benefits of both spinal anaesthesia and epidural anaesthesia and analgesia.

This is an injection into the spinal canal, more specifically into the sub-arachnoid space so that it reaches the CSF and is useful in spinal anaesthesia, chemotherapy, or pain management applications.

While BPH rarely causes sudden urinary retention, the condition can become acute in the presence of certain medications (blood pressure pills, anti histamines, antiparkinson medications), after spinal anaesthesia or stroke.

He had to undergo stomach surgery and because of a failure during the spinal anaesthesia he had to be treated in a medical ventilator and this finally led to him being paralysed from the waist down.

The first planned spinal anaesthesia for surgery in man was administered by August Bier (1861-1949) on 16 August 1898, in Kiel, when he injected 3 ml of 0.5% cocaine solution into a 34-year-old labourer.

It may be used for Caesarean sections, seeking the advantage of using a minimal dose of local anaesthetic in order to have a quicker termination of the spinal anaesthesia, but still having the catheter available in case the patient requires more than the minimal amount of medication to remain comfortable.

The subjects covered include: anaesthesia for caesarean section (percentage of nitrous oxide for general anaesthesia, maintenance of general anaesthetic skills, fetal distress, and spinal anaesthesia), regional analgesia/anaesthesia (prophylactic epidural blood patch, epidural opiates, and fluid preloading), and updates on previous debates.

Most common causes include iatrogenic lumbar punctures, burst fractures resulting in posterior migration of fragments of the vertebral body, severe disc herniations, spinal anaesthesia involving trauma from catheters and high local anaesthetic concentrations around the cauda equina, penetrating trauma such as knife wounds or ballistic trauma.