somma volcano

This cone has grown within an earlier caldera, forming a somma volcano.

Some examples of somma volcanoes are the following:

A somma volcano (also known simply as a sommian) is a volcanic caldera that has been partially filled by a new central cone.

This structure has given its name to the term "somma volcano", which describes any volcano with a summit caldera surrounding a newer cone.

Ancestral Pinatubo is a somma volcano with 'Modern' Pinatubo as the new cone.

Kolokol Group, a group of somma volcanoes located in the Kuril Islands, Russia.

Polygenetic volcanoes include stratovolcanoes, complex volcanoes, somma volcanoes, calderas and many shield volcanoes.

A number of the world's best examples of somma volcanoes are found on Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands that stretch south from Kamchatka to Hokkaidō (Japan).

In more recent times, the somma volcanoes of Soputan, Sempu, Lokon-Empung and Mahawu have been constructed along the rim of the Tondano caldera, with Soputan being the youngest and most frequently active of the group.

Tyatya is one of the finest examples anywhere in the world of a somma volcano, a stratovolcano whose summit has collapsed to form a caldera which has then been mostly refilled by a new, younger volcanic cone which rises above the caldera rim.

The first evidence of volcanic activity in this area date back about 400,000 years ago, but the first major eruptive phenomenon of some significance occurred about 25,000 years ago: its the eruption of pumice base, when the top of the Somma volcano collapsed forming a caldera going, in which he later formed the Vesuvius.