However, sleep spindles can only be generated by the thalamus, making its role very important.

Sleep spindles in the stage 2 figure are underlined in red.

The relationship between sleep spindles and declarative memory consolidation is not yet fully understood.

Sleep spindles result from interactions between cells in the thalamus and the cortex.

K-complexes occur roughly every 1.0-1.7 minutes and are often followed by bursts of sleep spindles.

Sleep spindles and K complexes may continue during Stage 3 sleep.

Sleep spindles are thought to aid in information consolidating during sleep and have been shown to increase after training on a motor task.

Stage 3 sleep has more sleep spindles.

The thalamic reticular nucleus is considered to be the pacemaker of the sleep spindles.

In learning before sleep spindles are redistributed to neuronally active upstates within slow oscillations.

Sleep spindles are thought to induce synaptic changes and thereby contribute to memory consolidation during sleep.

Other transient features are normal: vertex waves and sleep spindles are seen in normal sleep.

EEG recordings tend to show characteristic "sleep spindles" and "K-complexes" during this stage.

Sleep spindles are short and intense bursts of neurons firing in sync, occurring in the thalamo-cortical networks.

Using an EEG, sleep spindles were detected and showed to be present only during slow-wave sleep.

The neonatal infant's EEG during quiet sleep has few slow waves, and no sleep spindles.

Stage two also contains theta waves, however random short bursts of increased frequency called sleep spindles are a defining characteristic of this stage.

He concluded she had been retarded from birth, pointing to atypically high numbers of sleep spindles, a phenomenon typical of subjects born with severe retardation.

He first identified the alpha rhythm, which he called the Berger rhythm, and later identified the beta rhythm and sleep spindles.

Sleep spindle activity has furthermore been found to be associated with the integration of new information into existing knowledge as well as directed remembering and forgetting (fast sleep spindles).

Stage 2 sleep is defined as comprising a low-voltage EEG, with mixed, slow frequencies and periodic sleep spindles and/or K complexes.

Characterized as periodic episodes of aroused EEG activity (more Sleep spindles and K-complexes) followed by a period of more quiet sleep.

Sleep spindles (sometimes referred to as "sigma bands" or "sigma waves") may represent periods where the brain is inhibiting processing to keep the sleeper in a tranquil state.

Also some specific features of sleep such as sleep spindles and K complexes may not be defined in the hypnogram; this is particularly true for sleep scoring that is automated.

Sleep spindles are bursts of fast (13-15Hz) EEG activity lasting perhaps two seconds which increase in amplitude to about 50 microvolts and then decline, giving them their spindle-shaped envelope.

However, sleep spindles can only be generated by the thalamus, making its role very important.

Sleep spindles in the stage 2 figure are underlined in red.

Results showed that during the first hour following learning, there was the most evident effect on learning-modulated sleep spindle density.

The relationship between sleep spindles and declarative memory consolidation is not yet fully understood.

Sleep spindles result from interactions between cells in the thalamus and the cortex.

K-complexes occur roughly every 1.0-1.7 minutes and are often followed by bursts of sleep spindles.

Sleep spindles and K complexes may continue during Stage 3 sleep.

The onset of Stage 2 sleep is taken to be the first sleep spindle or K complex.

Sleep spindles are thought to aid in information consolidating during sleep and have been shown to increase after training on a motor task.

This parallels the decrease in other components of sleep such as sleep spindle density and delta power.

Stage 3 sleep has more sleep spindles.

The thalamic reticular nucleus is considered to be the pacemaker of the sleep spindles.

This supports the hypothesis that sleep spindle helps to consolidate recent memory traces but not memory performance in general.

In learning before sleep spindles are redistributed to neuronally active upstates within slow oscillations.

Sleep spindles are thought to induce synaptic changes and thereby contribute to memory consolidation during sleep.

Other transient features are normal: vertex waves and sleep spindles are seen in normal sleep.

EEG recordings tend to show characteristic "sleep spindles" and "K-complexes" during this stage.

Sleep spindles are short and intense bursts of neurons firing in sync, occurring in the thalamo-cortical networks.

Using an EEG, sleep spindles were detected and showed to be present only during slow-wave sleep.

The neonatal infant's EEG during quiet sleep has few slow waves, and no sleep spindles.

Stage two also contains theta waves, however random short bursts of increased frequency called sleep spindles are a defining characteristic of this stage.

A sleep spindle is a burst of oscillatory brain activity visible on an EEG that occurs during stage 2 sleep.

He concluded she had been retarded from birth, pointing to atypically high numbers of sleep spindles, a phenomenon typical of subjects born with severe retardation.

Some researchers suggest that sleep spindle, a burst of brain activity occurring during stage 2 sleep, plays a role in boosting consolidation of declarative memories.

In contrast, Schabus and Gruber point out that sleep spindle activity only relates to performance on newly learned memories and not to absolute performance.