shock diamond

Some volcanoes have been shown to produce jets containing shock diamonds.

Shock diamonds are most commonly associated with jet and rocket propulsion, but they can form in other systems.

This makes the base of the eruption supersonic, leading to the same dynamics that produce shock diamonds.

The distance from the nozzle to the first shock diamond can be approximated by:

Some exhausts, notably alcohol fueled rockets, can show visible shock diamonds.

Adding a flare to the end of the muzzle balances the pressures and prevents shock diamonds.

If the compression fan is strong enough, another oblique shock wave will form, creating a second shock diamond.

The first shock diamond is located here and the space between it and the nozzle is called the "zone of silence".

It was found that when the ratio between the flow pressure and atmospheric pressure is close to one, the shock diamonds were greatly minimized.

It is also smoke free and has only a faint shock diamond pattern that is visible in the otherwise transparent exhaust.

The jets travel at supersonic speed through a thin "atmosphere" of gas in space, so it is hypothesized that these knots are shock diamonds.

When artillery pieces are fired, gas exits the cannon muzzle at supersonic speeds and produces a series of shock diamonds.

By contrast, later, post-V-2 engine designs not employing this alcohol boundary layer cooling show a translucent plume with shock diamonds.

At each shock diamond, the flow becomes compressed enough that it expands outward in a set of expansion waves called the expansion fan.

In jet engines and rocket engines, exhaust from propelling nozzles which in some applications shows shock diamonds.

As the exhaust passes through the normal shock wave, its temperature increases, igniting excess fuel and causing the glow that makes the shock diamonds visible.

This exhaust flame may show shock diamonds, which are caused by shock waves formed due to slight differences between ambient pressure and the exhaust pressure.

Shock diamonds form when the supersonic exhaust from a nozzle is slightly over or under-expanded, meaning that the pressure of the gases exiting the nozzle is different from the ambient air pressure.

When WEP was on, the MiG-21bis's R-25 engine produced a huge 5 meter long blowtorch exhaust - the six or seven brightly glowing rhomboid "shock diamonds" visible inside the flames gave the emergency-power setting its "diamond regime" name.