shaft lining

As a technical innovation, tubbings was used for the shaft lining.

The shaft lining may extend some depth into the aquifer if the bottom section of the shaft requires support.

Kerb sizes shown (in the selection chart below) include the shaft lining and thickness of the skylight under flashing.

However, old mine workings and shafts often show magnetic anomalies due to the presence of relict metals in the shaft linings or cappings.

From the Iron Age onwards, wells are common archaeological features, both with wooden shafts and shaft linings made from wickerwork.

This simple early shaft lining could withstand a pressure of 100 lbs to the square inch and could last for many years when the water was 'tolerably fresh'.

The paper proposed the installation of composite shaft linings, having an inner cylinder of steel bonded to high grade concrete able to withstand the hydrostatic pressures.

Various theories for determining the earth pressure on shaft linings in cohesionless soils are discussed, and results are presented for a Coulomb-type analysis with a conical sliding surface.

The material of choice for shaft lining is mass concrete which is poured behind Shaft Forms in Lifts of 6m as the shaft advances (gets deeper).

The decrease of the mechanical properties of the shaft lining is an inescapable phenomenon resulting from the progressive fatigue of the materials which constitute it. Some external agents, like water, accelerate this fatigue.

With the financial and administrative support of Emmanuel de Las Cases, 5 steel tubes (the definitive shaft lining) were drilled by this invention, which was subsequently adapted and applied over and over again to dig foundations, bridges and many tunnels.

The simplicity of the cone permits an investigation of a number of parameters, e.g. the earth pressure coefficient on radial planes, which turns out to be a decisive parameter in the analysis, and accounts for the widely differing published values for earth pressures on shaft linings.

The shaft lining performs several functions; it is first and foremost a safety feature preventing loose or unstable rock from falling into the shaft, then a place for shaft sets to bolt into and lastly a smooth surface to minimise resistance to airflow for ventilation.