scotopic vision

Scotopic vision is the vision of the eye under low light conditions.

In scotopic vision, people are more sensitive to light which would appear greenish-blue.

One can also define a similar curve for dim conditions (scotopic vision).

This species possesses good night or scotopic vision.

In most night-time environments, there is enough ambient light at night to prevent true scotopic vision.

Since rods require less light to function than cones, they are the primary source of visual information at night (scotopic vision).

The sensitivity to light in scotopic vision varies with wavelength, though the perception is essentially black-and-white.

The principle that the wavelength sensitivity does not change during scotopic vision led to the ability to detect two functional cone classes in individuals.

Photopic vision has excellent color discrimination ability, whereas colors are indiscriminable under scotopic vision.

The normal human observer's relative wavelength sensitivity will not change due to background illumination change under scotopic vision.

He has a double Purkinje shift with maximum scotopic vision occurring in both the yellow and the blue-violet ranges."

Under very low light levels, corresponding to moonless nights without electric lighting (scotopic vision), the eye uses rods to process light.

The human eye uses scotopic vision under low-light conditions, and mesopic vision in intermediate conditions.

Mesopic vision is a combination of photopic vision and scotopic vision in low but not quite dark lighting situations.

Other forms of amacrine cell are likely to play modulatory roles, allowing adjustment of sensitivity for photopic and scotopic vision.

Note that the eye has different responses as a function of wavelength when it is adapted to light conditions (photopic vision) and dark conditions (scotopic vision).

The genetic code for retinal subunits associated with impaired scotopic vision and rod photoreceptor degradation are conserved at approximately 93% between mice and humans.

Scotopic vision, in other words, is in black and white, with, of course, intermediate shades of gray; a fact well expressed by the common proverb that "at night all cats are gray."

Can simulate a number of effects of the human visual response e.g. defocusing dark areas, veiling due to glare, and colour loss due to mesopic or scotopic vision in low light.

Mice were shown to express significantly reduced scotopic vision, and further research has shown the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis may have a significant role in rod photoreceptor degradation and death.

In humans and many other animals, photopic vision allows color perception, mediated by cone cells, and a significantly higher visual acuity and temporal resolution than available with scotopic vision.

It is known that the rod cells are more suited to scotopic vision and cone cells to photopic vision, and that they differ in their sensitivity to different wavelengths of light.

Another reason that vision is poor under scotopic vision is that rods, which are the only cells active under scotopic vision, converge to a smaller number of neurons in the retina.

Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin the light-absorbing molecule , that is necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision.

In the human eye cone cells are nonfunctional in low light - scotopic vision is produced exclusively through rod cells which are most sensitive to wavelengths of light around 498 nm (green-blue) and are insensitive to wavelengths longer than about 640 nm (red).