scalare

The most commonly kept species in the aquarium is Pterophyllum scalare.

The whorls sometimes rest loosely upon one another (as in Epitonium scalare).

The leopoldi show the same coloration as P. scalare.

Melanostoma scalare, is a very common species of hoverfly.

Though most Pterophyllum scalare will thrive in a wide range of pH values.

Whereas, the P. scalare is described as having 35-45 scales in a lateral row and a notched predorsal contour.

It is claimed that in previous centuries, fake examples of Epitonium scalare were created out of rice paste.

Freshwater angelfish, One of the breeds of Pterophyllum scalare.

The freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) was described in 1824 by F. Schultze.

Another species that has been mistakenly classified as a Platax is the common freshwater angelfish, Pterophyllum scalare.

Pterophyllum scalare, the species most commonly referred to as angelfish or freshwater angelfish, is the most common species of Pterophyllum held in captivity.

Epitonium scalare, common name the precious wentletrap, is a predatory or ecto parasitic species of marine gastropod with an operculum, in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.

Didelphys pygmaea, H. scalare, H. tricuspis, Peratherium fugax)

The most common species in hobbyist aquaria is Pterophyllum scalare from the Amazon River basin in tropical South America, known in the trade as the "angelfish".

Females resemble female Melanostoma scalare sharing similar triangular tergite markings but have a shiny, black frons which separates them from M. scalare and most Platycheirus species.

Unlike P. scalare (mentioned above) which prefer to spawn on the submerged leaves of plants and trees in the flooded rainforest, P. altum prefers to spawn on submerged roots and tree branches in a moderate water current.

P. scalare is relatively easy to breed in the aquarium, although one of the results of generations of inbreeding is that many breeds have almost completely lost their rearing instincts resulting in the tendency of the parents to eat their young.

Much of the research into the known genetics of P. scalare is the result of the research of Dr. Joanne Norton, who published a series of 18 articles in Freshwater and Marine Aquarium (FAMA) Magazine.

All true Orinoco Altum specimens show this trait, whereas commercial hybrids product of crosses to Pterophyllum scalare, that are occasionally performed by breeders to sell them as "Orinoco Altum", may not exhibit the trait or it may appear in a lesser degree.