Particularly important here is the expansion of the public sector salariat connected with the 'welfare state'.

Service class or salariat (professional, managerial, etc.; this includes teachers)

Proletarians are wage-workers, while some refer to those who receive salaries as the salariat.

Les Métamorphoses de la question sociale, une chronique du salariat, Fayard, 1995.

This divorce between the two elements is particularly marked among the salariat - the well-educated members ofthe professions and management - which has grown most in the past twenty years.

There was a tense moment near the end of the contest when the judges ruled that Melody Yung, 12, of Fall River, Mass., had misspelled "salariat," a class of salaried workers.

If serious strains were emerging within Labour's main traditional active support bloc, the expansion of the salariat and accompanying transformations within the 'middle class' were also tending to undermine the 'middle class'/Tory axis.

Green (1985, p. 12) argues that 'the voices most strident in their demands of the 'protection of public services" are those of the middle-class government salariat' who gain directly from it in terms of income, employment and status.

For example, in the mid-1980s the British social attitudes survey found in the Midlands and the south of England, that 33 per cent of the middle-class 'salariat' was of the view that 'unemployment benefit is too low and causes hardship'.

'The likelihood here is that, as fast as the working class catches up at O level, qualifications required in the labour market will move upwards with A levels becoming the key qualifications for a successful career in the salariat'(Anthony Heath, 'Class in the classroom,'New Society, 17 July 1987, p. 15).

This upward movement in the social hierarchy by many working-class boys (significantly none of the studies has looked at girls) has not been achieved at the expense of the opportunities of children from middle-class backgrounds, but by an explosion in the number of middle-class jobs - or an expansion in the service class or the salariat.

The increasing though still very minimal panicipation of women in managerial, technical and higher professional occupations within the corporation has already attracted a good deal of attention, but there is little research specifically on the phenomenon of the female salariat in TNCs in the Third World (see Garnsey and Paukert, 1987, pp.57-67).

In his view, the U.N. control of Bosnia under the High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, which he described as "UN-sanctioned liberal imperialism", creates "dependency, stifles civil society, and produces a highly visible financial apartheid in which an international salariat lords it over a war-wounded and jobless local population."