sędzia zawodowy

The laymen have exactly the same rights and obligations as the professional judges.

As well the system is adversarial and cases are decided by professional judges.

Civil cases are normally held before a single professional judge, but either side can demand two lay judges be seated as well.

The jury trial included three professional judges and twelve jurors.

The sentence is delivered by a majority of the 12 jurors and the 3 professional judges.

The case was decided jointly by a professional judge and three appointed lay judges.

The professional judge is the chairman of the panel, but otherwise the judges have equal rights.

Voting is done by professional judges and the viewing public, each making up 50% of the total score.

Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries.

Candidates do not have to be professional judges, but lawyers.