Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids.

The resin acids may be classified into two types, abietic and pimaric.

It chiefly consists of different resin acids, especially abietic acid.

The fatty acids fraction is usually lower than the resin acids, and unsaponifiables amount to 6-8%.

This comprises a complex mixture of different substances including organic acids named the resin acids.

Manufacture from resin acids.

Furthermore, any residual resin acids that pass the treatment facilities add toxicity to the stream discharged to the receiving waters.

The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes.

Resin acids are tacky, yellowish gums that are water-insoluble.

Levopimaric acid, an abietane-type DRA, is one of the principal resin acids.

The primary source of pollution from these mills is organic material such as resin acids released from the wood when it is processed.

Resin acids are converted into ester gum by reaction with controlled amounts of glycerol or other polyhydric alcohols.

Slash Pine generally contains a higher concentration of resin acids than Loblolly Pine.

Pseudomonas resiniphila is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that grows on pulp mill effluents with resin acids.

The commercial manufacture of wood pulp grade chemical cellulose using the kraft chemical pulping processes releases resin acids.

Diterpene resin acids (DRA) play important roles in confer defense against insects and microbial pathogens.

In general, the tall oil produced in coastal areas of the southeastern United States contains over 40% resin acids and sometimes as much as 50% or more.

Resin soap is a mix of salts (usually sodium) of resin acids (usually mainly abietic acid).

Resin soap is made by reacting resin acids in wood with sodium hydroxide, as a byproduct of the Kraft process for manufacturing wood pulp.

Nearly all resin acids have the same basic skeleton: three fused ring fused with the empirical formula CHCOOH.

Solid vehicles tend to be based on natural or modified rosin (mostly abietic acid, pimaric acid, and other resin acids) or natural or synthetic resins.

Resin acids are protectants and wood preservatives that are produced by parenchymatous epithelial cells that surround the resin ducts in trees from temperate coniferous forests.

Resin acids, because of the same protectant nature they provide in the trees where they originate, also impose toxic implications on the effluent treatment facilities in pulp manufacturing plants.

Resin acids can be dissolved in alkalis to form resin soaps, from which the purified resin acids are regenerated by treatment with acids.

The viscous oleoresin secretion is composed of a complex mixture of terpenoids, consisting of roughly equal parts of volatile turpentine and rosin (also known as diterpene resin acids).

Up to 39% of the resin acid content was removed by all four organisms.

Some resins also contain a high proportion of resin acids.

Resin acids cause fish to suffocate and interfere with reproduction.

The substance was entering the river through a culvert and contained resin acids.

A mechanism to explain the formation of 15 from the dienoic resin acids is given.

These compounds, known collectively as resin acids, have not been reported previously from a fungal source.

The resin acids may be classified into two types, abietic and pimaric.

It chiefly consists of various resin acids, especially abietic acid.

These wound-induced rapid changes in resin acid concentrations could be important for resistance to pathogens.

Norske Skog discharged the majority of organic matter and resin acids.

All isolates degraded a subset of the six resin acid congeners.

Factors affecting gas chromatographic analysis of resin acids present in pulp mill effluents.

Such resins can include resin acids, esters, or alcohols.

The fatty acids fraction is usually lower than the resin acids, and unsaponifiables amount to 6-8%.

Laboratory investigations of resin acids have found varying degrees of enzyme induction (178,187).

Another project involves biological treatment of resin acids which are toxic compounds occurring in pulp and paper mill process waters.

No correlation could be shown between isoabienol occurrence and the monoterpene or resin acid composition of the needles.

Other environmental quality issues in the Derwent include toxic effects of resin acids on fish in the upper estuary.

Major increases of resin acid were associated with major toxicity increases within one given growth cycle.

Variation in resin acid concentration in sun and shade needles should be considered when such acids are used as genetic markers.

Key words: resin acids, biodegradation, pulp mill effluents.

Photolysis and biodegradation of selected resin acids in river Saale water, Germany.

Development of an immunoassay for the detection of resin acids in pulp mill effluents.

Pimaric acid is a carboxylic acid from the resin acid group.

Furthermore, any residual resin acids that pass the treatment facilities add toxicity to the stream discharged to the receiving waters.