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"Where did the releasing factors come from?"
Neutrophils then trigger other parts of the immune system by releasing factors that summon other leukocytes and lymphocytes.
His work included investigations into the effect of gonadal hormones on sexual differentiation of the brain during neonatal life, and into the isolation of hypothalamic releasing factors.
Since then, hypothalamic releasing factors have been discovered for all the major pituitary hormones (thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone and adrenocorticotropin, for example) except growth hormone.
The pituitary is functionally linked to the hypothalamus by the pituitary stalk, whereby hypothalamic releasing factors are released and, in turn, stimulate the release of pituitary hormones.
Dr. Vale's principal task was to detect the releasing factors' whereabouts in the large volumes of tissue from the sheep hypothalamus, a region at the base of the mammalian brain.
The brain controls the anterior pituitary gland by releasing factors and release-inhibiting factors; these are blood-borne substances released by hypothalamic neurons into blood vessels at the base of the brain, at the median eminence.
He attended Rice University and, after hearing Dr. Guillemin lecture on the releasing factors, as the brain's hormones are known, joined Dr. Guillemin's lab at the Baylor College of Medicine, earning his Ph.D. in 1964.
Researchers at the Salk Institute in California have at last tracked down the last of the 'releasing factors' secreted by cells in the hypothalamus that have long been assumed to regulate the release of hormones from the pituitary gland (Trends in Neurosciences.
Citicoline has also been shown to elevate ACTH independently from CRH levels and to amplify the release of other HPA axis hormones such as LH, FSH, GH and TSH in response to hypothalamic releasing factors.