raphe nuclei

The raphe nuclei have a vast impact upon the central nervous system.

The Pontine raphe nucleus is one of the raphe nuclei.

The neurons of the raphe nuclei are the principal source of 5-HT release in the brain.

The principal serotonin centres in the brain are the caudal and rostral raphe nuclei.

Camden said, "The raphe nuclei regulate the balance among neurotransmitters and peptides that leads to a pressure to sleep, don't they?"

Median column aka the Raphe nuclei.

There is some evidence for neuropathological abnormalities in the rostral raphe nuclei in depression.

There is a powerful interaction between the Raphe nuclei and the SCN.

The HPA influences many parts of the brain, including the Raphe nuclei.

Transmission of noradrenaline from the caudal raphe nuclei and the locus coeruleus is increased in phobia.

In panic disorder there is increased norepinephrine transmission from both the locus coeruleus and the caudal raphe nuclei.

On one hand, the Raphe nuclei send a strong serotonergic projection to the SCN.

Axons from the neurons of the raphe nuclei form a neurotransmitter system, reaching almost every part of the central nervous system.

The raphe nuclei will then transmit feedback to the SCN about the animal's vigilance and levels of alertness.

Neurones ascend from the rostral raphe nuclei to the cerebral cortex, limbic regions and basal ganglia.

Serotonin, for example-the primary target of antidepressant drugs and many dietary aids-comes exclusively from a small brainstem area called the Raphe nuclei.

Stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain activates enkephalin-releasing neurons that project to the raphe nuclei in the brainstem.

Once in the CSF, tryptophan is converted into serotonin in the raphe nuclei by the normal enzymatic pathway.

The major output pathways are inhibitory and project to the dorsal Tegmental area, the Periaqueductal gray and also the Raphe nuclei.

The amygdala receives noradrenergic innervation from the locus coeruleus and serotonergic projections from the midbrain raphe nuclei.

Many neurons labeled from the bladder or prostate were found in the raphe nuclei, the A5 adrenergic nucleus, the locus coeruleus and the paraventricular nucleus.

These neurons are located in the locus coeruleus, dorsal and median raphe nuclei, ventral periaqueductal grey matter, and tuberomammillary nucleus.

It is important to note that pharmacology traditionally affects global serotonin levels, while the actions of the raphe nuclei are dependent on the complex interplay between nuclei.

Projections from the raphe nuclei also terminate in the dorsal horn of spinal gray matter where they regulate the release of enkephalins, which inhibit pain sensation.

The raphe nuclei provide feedback to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), thus contributing in circadian rhythms in animals.