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"Computers," Ailiss said briefly, without looking away from the ranked data board before her.
The correlation of 0.37 reported by Watts & Quimby (1980) was of course based on the averaging of ranked data from all subjects.
The 50th percentile of the ranked data is identified as the ERM, and is indicative of concentrations above which adverse effects (relatively) frequently occur.
A Gartner survey conducted in July-August 2010 reported that 47 percent of IT staffers surveyed ranked data growth as a top three challenge faced by their IT organization.
Spearman's rank order correlation ranks the data in each variable and then calculates Pearson's correlation with the paired ranked data, hence checking for the strength of a monotone relationship; p -values are based on permutation methods.
Note, however, that the King effect is not limited to outliers with a positive evaluation attached to their rank: for rankings on an undesirable attribute, there actually may exist a "Pauper effect", with a similar detachment of extremely ranked data points from the reasonably distributed portion of the data set.
Also known as the Pareto-Zipf law, it is a power-law distribution on ranked data, named after the linguist George Kingsley Zipf who suggested a simpler distribution called Zipf's law, and the mathematician Benoît Mandelbrot, who subsequently generalized it.