pseudobulbar palsy

Pseudobulbar palsy is a group of neurologic symptoms including difficult chewing, swallowing and speech.

This disorder should not be confused with pseudobulbar palsy or progressive spinal muscular atrophy.

Diagnosis of pseudobulbar palsy is based on observation of the symptoms of the condition.

Signs and symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy include:

The disease progresses to subcortical dementia associated with pseudobulbar palsy and urinary incontinence.

The most common disorders of laughter are associated with pseudobulbar palsy, which can be caused by severe brain trauma, most commonly in the right hemisphere.

Pseudobulbar palsy is the result of damage of motor fibers traveling from the cerebral cortex to the lower brain stem.

Such symptoms include an increasing muscle tone (spasticity), pyramidal signs, and pseudobulbar palsy beginning ages between 20 and 30 year.

His named is associated with "Laehr-Henneberg hard palate", a reflex associated with pseudobulbar palsy.

PBA occurred in patients with more severe head injury and coincided with other neurological features suggestive of pseudobulbar palsy.

Unpleasant laughter spells, or "sham mirth," usually occur in people who have a neurological condition, including patients with pseudobulbar palsy, multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.

The symptoms have been known to include apathy, dementia, Parkinsonism, agitation, urinary incontinence, and pseudobulbar palsy, among many other neuropsychiatric symptoms.

PBA has also been observed in association with a variety of other brain disorders, including brain tumors, Wilson's disease, syphilitic pseudobulbar palsy, and various encephalitides.

In locked-in syndrome the patient has awareness, sleep-wake cycles, and meaningful behavior (viz., eye-movement), but is isolated due to quadriplegia and pseudobulbar palsy.

This metabolic disorder is characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction such as mental retardation, paralysis, blindness, deafness and paralysis of certain facial muscles (pseudobulbar palsy).

Pseudobulbar palsy is a medical condition characterised by the inability to control facial movements (such as chewing and speaking) and caused by a variety of neurological disorders.

Since pseudobulbar palsy is a syndrome associated with other diseases, treating the underlying disease may eventually reduce the symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy.

Lateralizing signs such as hemiparesis, bradykinesia, hyperreflexia, extensor plantar reflexes, ataxia, pseudobulbar palsy, and gait and swallowing difficulties may be observed.

In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy describes impairment of function of cranial nerves IX-XII due to upper motor neuron lesions of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons.

It has been suggested that the majority of patients with pathological laughter and crying have pseudobulbar palsy due to bilateral corticobulbar lesions and often a bipyrimidal involvement of arms and legs.

Pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but the damage is occurred in upper motor neurons, that is the nerves cells come down from the cerebral cortex inervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.

The proposed mechanism of pseudobulbar palsy points to the disinhibition of the motor neurons controlling laughter and crying, proposing that a reciprocal pathway exists between the cerebellum and the brain stem that adjusts laughter and crying responses, making them appropriate to context.