proviral

"You're assuming the same vector for proviral integration," said Kate, "but trying to find its footprints after transcription."

However, it is not yet known if NC protein has an additional role during reverse transcription and/or prior to proviral integration.

In contrast, NCp7 was found to poorly protect proviral DNA ends.

One year post-transplant, she has had no recurrence of any symptoms, and furthermore has had a decrease in her proviral load.

Both proviral and episomal latency may require maintenance for continued infection and fidelity of viral genes.

ACH2 cell lines has a single copy of LAI strain proviral sequence.

In rats, this breakpoint was shown to be a common site of proviral integration in retrovirally induced T lymphomas.

During this time, CD4 CD45RO T cells carry most of the proviral load.

A complete proviral sequence has also been sequenced for the lymph nodes of patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis.

Proviral DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from the mother and the child was amplified by polymerase chain reaction.

The deamination activity ultimately results in G A hypermutations at "hot spots" of the proviral DNA.

Later it was found that a similar gene in cells is involved in cell signaling, which was most likely excised with the proviral DNA.

This activation facilitates the three key stages of the viral life cycle: entry to the cell; reverse transcription and proviral transcription.

These results indicate that the interactions between NCp7 and proviral DNA may be important during provirus synthesis and/or prior to integration.

Use of the polymerase chain reaction for early detection of the proviral sequences of human immunode- ficiency virus in infants born to seropositive mothers.

Cancer can be triggered by proto-oncogenes that were mistakenly incorporated into proviral DNA or by the disruption of cellular proto-oncogenes.

Thus, although NCp7 can bind to and protect proviral DNA from nuclease digestion, it does not inhibit the IN cleavage reaction.

A retrovirus is endogenous to its host once the proviral DNA is inserted into the chromosomal DNA.

HIV-1 integrase catalyzes the "cut-and-paste" action of clipping the host DNA and joining the proviral genome to the clipped ends.

Here we show that NCp7 from HIV-1 binds to DNAs representing proviral DNA.

Reverse transcription, during which the genomic RNA is transcribed to produce the double-stranded proviral DNA, most probably occurs within the nucleocapsid structure.

In addition to Friend erythroleukemia, proviral integration at the fli-1 locus also occurs in leukemias induced by the 10A1, Graffi, and Cas-Br-E viruses.

Although much less commonly available, nucleic acid testing (e.g., viral RNA or proviral DNA amplification method) can also help diagnosis in certain situations.

This places the 5' proviral poly(A) site at the end of an alternative exon that can be utilised to produce fusion transcripts, or excluded to produce wild type transcripts.

The parts of the cycle that relate to the transmission of wasp genomic DNA and therefore to proviral DNA are shown by the claret arrows.