Facilities like these were able to produce mice for research facilities around the world.
The genetic techniques, he said, can produce mice with each form of the myelin basic protein.
For the first time, researchers have produced genetically modified mice that develop the brain changes seen in Alzheimer's disease.
Hemizygous males were infertile and thus it was not possible to produce homozygous mutant female mice.
Some genetic irregularities can produce either fully black or fully yellow mice.
For example, Walsh has recently reported that deletion of a gene called Nde1 produces mice with very small brains.
There are two basic technical approaches to produce genetically modified mice.
Indeed, Microsoft's hardware unit - which produces mainly keyboards, mice and joysticks - is a quiet success story within the software giant.
There are several variations to the procedure of producing knockout mice; the following is a typical example.
Subsequent efforts produced homozygous knockout mice by targeting the entire Arc gene rather than portions of the coding region, eliminating dominant negative effects.