positional bargaining

The parties resorted to traditional value perspectives and positional bargaining: "trees versus jobs."

Modern methods of dispute resolution are used in place of traditional positional bargaining.

In positional bargaining, there are usually only two options for resolution; we try to generate many options.

Conventional real estate development and urban planning activities are subject to conflicting interests and positional bargaining.

The identity needs of all sides are brought to the forefront with the goal of getting "the disputants to move from positional bargaining to interest-based approaches."

It describes the problems that arise in using standard strategies of positional bargaining and explains the four principles of this method of negotiation:

Hard negotiation, Soft negotiation, Positional bargaining and Principled or Interest-based negotiation.

Virjee said the "positional bargaining" or posturing that can complicate collective bargaining talks will be minimized because each side can speak confidentially to the mediator.

Mediation at work under the Employment Relations Act tends to have a greater focus on interest based bargaining rather than positional bargaining relative to a likely imposed outcome.

The more value they have created, the easier this will be, but research suggests that parties default very easily into positional bargaining when they try to finalize details of agreements.

This is an essentially centrist strategy: Define the common ground that exists on any given issue and then build on it, proceeding from broad principle rather than partisan politics and positional bargaining.

With this in mind, the GN has suggested that the parties begin with interest-based explorations of the jurisdictional aspects of devolution before moving on to positional bargaining on human resources, dollars and cents.

"Any judge, any experienced family law lawyer will tell you that the collateral damage to families in the traditional positional bargaining and in the court system is huge, and none of us likes that," said Ms.

Many of these negotiators feel that negotiation ethics create a weak negotiation because it "encourages parties to disclose information to each other and develop a degree of trust, in contrast to the adversarial posture of traditional positional bargaining."

By shifting the model toward early resolution and education, not only will the per case cost decline but the resolution will have avoided exacerbating the conflict by hardening positions, minimizing communication and disputing all issues, as sometimes occurs in the positional bargaining that can occur in litigation.

The process may take the form of competitive, positional bargaining (which focuses on winning and losing and often results in either deadlock or compromise), or it may involve a cooperative problem-solving approach referred to as interest negotiation (also known as interest-based negotiation, consensus building, collaborative problem solving, cooperative negotiation, and principled negotiation).