pneumomediastinum

However, that does not always occur and sometimes those conditions are actually the cause, not the result, of pneumomediastinum.

Air can also be trapped in the mediastinum, the center of the chest cavity (pneumomediastinum).

When subcutaneous emphysema occurs with pneumomediastinum, the condition is known as Hamman's syndrome.

There is a very small risk of pneumomediastinum, mediastinitis and the extremely low risk of damaging the heart or large blood vessels.

Complications include pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and hemorrhage.

This includes pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pneumoperitoneum.

He also was involved in the development of the procedure known as pneumomediastinum and in multiple investigations involving hematology and infectious diseases.

Rarely, lobar, cavitary, nodular, or miliary lesions; pneumothorax; or pneumomediastinum are observed.

The most serious injury is lung barotraumas, which can result in pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium, subcutaneous emphysema, and arterial gas embolism.

(2) Pulmonary barotrauma : extra alveolar air noted as pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema or pneumoperitoneum.

The resultant alveolar rupture can lead to pneumothorax, pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) and pneumomediastinum.

The thymic sail sign or spinnaker-sail sign is due to elevation of the thymic lobes in the setting of pneumomediastinum.

Once the pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum that causes the subcutaneous emphysema is resolved, with or without medical intervention, the subcutaneous emphysema will usually clear.

Hamman's crunch is caused by pneumomediastinum or pneumopericardium, and is associated with tracheobronchial injury due to trauma, medical procedures (e.g., bronchoscopy) or proximal pulmonary bleb rupture.

Air may travel upward to the neck from a pneumomediastinum that results from a bronchial rupture, or downward from a torn trachea or larynx into the soft tissues of the chest.

For example, foreign body aspiration, in which someone inhales an object, can cause pneumomediastinum (and lead to subcutaneous emphysema) by puncturing the airways or by increasing the pressure in the affected lung(s) enough to cause them to burst.

When airways are damaged, air can escape from them and be trapped in the surrounding tissues in the neck (subcutaneous emphysema) and mediastinum (pneumomediastinum); if it builds up to high enough pressures there, it can compress the airways.

If possible lesions are found (for example, missile track near trachea or esophagus, pneumomediastinum) further investigation will follow with oesophagography, esophagoscopy, angiography, bronchoscopy as needed to rule out or confirm such lesion and decide if surgical repair is warranted.

If HG is treated inadequately, anemia, hyponatremia, Wernicke's encephalopathy, renal failure, central pontine myelinolysis, coagulopathy, atrophy, Mallory-Weiss tears, hypoglycemia, jaundice, malnutrition, pneumomediastinum, rhabdomyolysis, deconditioning, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, splenic avulsion, and vasospasms of cerebral arteries are possible consequences.

Hamman's syndrome, also known as Macklin's syndrome, is a syndrome of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema (air in the subcutaneous tissues of the skin) and pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum, the center of the chest cavity), sometimes associated with pain and, less commonly, dyspnea, dysphonia, and low grade fever.