pneumocephalus

Pneumocephalus is the presence of air or gas within the cranial cavity.

Pneumocephalus can occur in scuba diving, but is very rare in this context.

Intracranial air (pneumocephalus) may occur in compound skull fractures.

Pneumocephalus occurs when air enters the intracranial cavity and becomes trapped in the subarachnoid space.

Its occurrence seems to be limited to tension pneumocephalus (not occurring in pneumocephalus without tension).

The LORS technique is generally favoured due to the increased complication risk with the LORA technique such as pneumocephalus or air embolism.

If there is a valve mechanism which allows air to enter the skull but prevents it from escaping, a tension pneumocephalus can occur (similar to what can happen in a tension pneumothorax).

A failed suicide attempt by firearm may result in severe chronic pain for the patient as well as reduced cognitive abilities and motor function, subdural hematoma, foreign bodies in the head, pneumocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

CT scans of patients with a tension pneumocephalus typically show air that compresses the frontal lobes of the brain, which results in a tented appearance of the brain in the skull known as the Mount Fuji sign.

Arterial and venous infarction is possible because of the bacterial infiltration spread along the main vessel, exudates within the ventricles and ventriculitis may obstruct the ventricular foramina and result in a multicystis hydrocephalus with consequent long lasting shunting difficulties, necrotizing meningeoencephalitis with pneumocephalus has been reported.