perithecium
pyrenocarp

The asci are cylindrical and arranged inside the flask-shaped perithecium.

The perithecium is round and long stalked and the spores have four cells.

Ascospores are usually released in pairs as an insect brushes against a loaded perithecium.

Sometimes an ascus slips out of the perithecium, bursting open to discharge the spores.

From the half-grown perithecium there arise hyphae which grow out as the appendages.

When each ascus becomes engorged with fluid it extends outside the perithecium and releases spores.

The ascomata, which are formed within a gelatinous matrix, are deeply cup-shaped, almost like a perithecium.

The perithecia of these species have long, often multicellular 'horns' that originate just below the openings of the perithecium.

Its ascospores (within asci) are found in the ascocarp Cochiobolus, a type of perithecium rare in nature.

When conditions are favorable (moderate temperature and high humidity), the perithecium will produce sexual spores called ascospores which are dispersed primarily by the wind.

Asci numerous, unitunicate, ellipsoid, with refractive, nonamyloid, apical ring, with deliquescent bases, lying free in perithecium at maturity, 2-many-spored.

Perithecium: This is a flask shaped structures opening by a pore or ostiole (short papilla opening by a circular pore) through which the ascospores escape.

This is accomplished by the appearance of a vertical slit in the perithecium from which the ascus protrudes, swelling to several times the diameter of the perithecium.

These asci develop in elongate, hollow structures called perithecia, and in order to establish proper contact with a potential host, the ascospores are oriented within the perithecium in a precise manner.

The unitunicate asci are usually cylindrical in shape borne in a stipe (stalk), released from a pore, developed from inner wall of perithecium and arise from a basal plectenchyma-centrum.

In Gnomonia Ascocarp is an ostiolate perithecium, non- stromatic, brown, immersed in host tissue, globose to subglobose, usually with long ostiolar neck; ascomal wall composed of several layers of dark, compressed cells.

The young ascus develops from this penultimate cell in which the two nuclei fuse following a rapid increase in the size of the ascus, which presses against the inner wall cells of the perithecium and absorbs them.

Pseudothecium: this is similar to a perithecium, but the asci are not regularly organised into a hymenium and they are bitunicate, having a double wall that expands when it takes up water and shoots the enclosed spores out suddenly to disperse them.

The so-called basal cells of the two-celled spore point toward the tiny opening of the perithecium, the ostiole, and newly-formed asci in the lower part of the perithecium push the maturing ascospores towards the ostiole.

Now the wall of the future perithecium beings to form by the development of a number of upright hyphal branches around the oogonium, forming a pseudo-parenchymatous tissue, while the other branches later absorbed grow into the interior of the developing perithecium, while the outer cell walls become flattened and darker in color.