pedicled

Pedicled flaps are used when regional tissue is not available, for example because of burns or radiation.

Pedicled perforator flaps can be tranferred either by translation or rotation.

An example of such reconstruction is a pedicled forehead flap for repair of a large nasal skin defect.

There are two pedicled flaps that are sometimes used for reconstruction of cheek defects with or without pre-expansion:

The flap can be raised as an island flap as well as a pedicled flap.

The subgroup of pedicled perforator flaps, transferred in the defect by rotation is the so-called "propeller flap".

This includes pedicled flaps as the trapezius or supraclavicular flap or tissue expansion of nearby regions.

Gracilis muscle is widely used in reconstructive surgery, either as a pedicled flap or as a free microsurgical flap.

Another advantage is that free flaps provide a more robust vascular supply to the wound compared to pedicled flaps, controlling infection and radiation induced damage.

By inducing thrombogenic state through vasoconstriction of the microvasculature, tobacco influences blood flow, wound healing and the survival of pedicled flaps.

Pedicled flaps remain attached to the donor site via a pedicle that contains the blood supply, in contrast to a free flap as described under Classification by complexity.

Severe deformities may require additional procedures, such as pedicled temporal fascia flaps, cartilage grafts, bone grafts, orthognathic surgery, and bone distraction.

In scalp reconstruction free flaps have a great benefit because they are completely detached from their original location ("donor site") before transferral to the scalp which makes the inset easier compared to pedicled flaps.

This is in contrast to a "pedicled" flap in which tissue is left attached to the donor site and simply transposed to a new location keeping the "pedicle" intact as a conduit to supply the tissue with blood.

As a pedicled flap, gracilis muscle can be used in perineal and vaginal reconstruction, after oncological surgery, in the treatment of recurrent anovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas as well in the coverage of the neurovascular bundle after vascular surgery.

An écraseur is a surgical instrument containing a chain or wire loop that is used to encircle and sever a projecting mass of tissue (as the testicles of a horse or a pedicled tumor) by gradual tightening of the chain or loop.

Flap breast-reconstruction can sometimes be realised with the application of a pedicled flap that has been harvested from the latissimus dorsi muscle, which is the broadest muscle of the back, to which it remains attached until the graft successfully attaches to the recipient site, the mastectomy wound.