pathognomy

Pathognomy is the study of passions and emotions.

Physiognomy is based on shapes of the features, and pathognomy on the motions of the features.

While physiognomy is used to predict the overall, long-term character of an individual, pathognomy is used to ascertain clues about one's current character.

For example, the harshest critic was scientist Georg Christoph Lichtenberg said that Pathognomy, discovering the character by observing the behaviour, was more effective.

'Characterology' (from "character" and Ancient Greek , '-logy') is a method of character reading that attempted to combine revised physiognomy, reconstructed phrenology and amplified pathognomy, with ethnology, sociology and anthropology.

Unlike Lavater and other physiognomists of the era, Duchenne was skeptical of the face's ability to express moral character; rather he was convinced that it was through a reading of the expressions alone (known as pathognomy) which could reveal an "accurate rendering of the soul's emotions".